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# Program #1: Convert to Uppercase 	  
# Programmer: Chris Brakebill
# Due Date: Nov. 8, 2009	Course: ECE 355
# Last Modified: Nov. 8, 2009
#
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# Functional Description:
#         Search function searches a null terminated string for the
#		  specified character
# Input:  Requests a string and a character to search for in the
#		  string.
# Output: Outputs the index of the character, or an error if the
#		  character is not in the string
#
#####################################################################
# Pseudocode:
#  	Prompt for input string of maximum 255 characters
#  	Read input as string
#	Prompt for input character to search for
#	Read input
#     Initialize two pointers to first character
#     Begin loop to look at each character in string
#       If character is null, go to End 
#       If character's hex value is less than 'A', skip it
#		If character's hex value is less than 'Z', put in output string
#		If character's hex value is less than 'a', skip it
#		If character's hex value is greater than 'z', skip it
#       Convert character to uppercase
#     Go to Begin loop
#     End
#     Print string
#     Exit
######################################################################
# Register Usage:
# $t0 - points to character in string being processed
# $t1 - points to place where next character will be stored
# $t2 - holds a character for processing
# $t3 - holds hex value for character a
# $t4 - holds hex value for character z
# $t5 - holds hex value for character A
# $t6 - holds hex value for character Z
#
#################### Data segment ####################################

	.data
string_prompt:
	.asciiz "Please type a string: \n"
char_prompt:
	.asciiz "Please type ONE character: \n"
out_msg:
	.asciiz "The index of the character is: "
fail_msg:
	.asciiz "The character was not found in the string.\n"
in_string:
	.space 256
character:
	.space 1

################### Code segment #####################

	.text
	.globl main
main:
	la $a0,string_prompt     # prompt user for input string
	li $v0,4
	syscall

	la $a0,in_string       # read user input string
	li $a1,256
	li $v0,8
	syscall

	la $a0,char_prompt     	# prompt user for input character
	li $v0,4
	syscall

	la $a0,character     	# read user input character
	li $a1,2
	li $v0,8
	syscall

	la $a0,in_string       	# Store pointers to string and character
	la $a1,character       	# in a registers to pass to the search function

	addiu $sp, $sp, -4		# Allocate space on the stack and store the return
	sw $ra, 0($sp)			# address before calling the search function
	jal search

	lw $ra, 0($sp)			# restore the return address off of the stack
	addiu $sp, $sp, 4

	move $t6, $v0			# move the returned index value into a t register
	bltz $t6, fail			# if the index is < 1 then it failed to find the char

	la $a0,out_msg         	# write output message
	li $v0,4
	syscall

	move $a0, $t6			# output the index of the char
	li $v0, 1
	syscall

	li $v0, 10				# exit the program
	syscall

fail:
	la $a0,fail_msg         # write output message telling user the string wasn't found
	li $v0,4
	syscall

	li $v0, 10
	syscall
	


search:
	move $t0, $a0			# Pointer to the string
	move $t1, $a1			# Pointer to the character
	lb $t3, 0($t1)			# Put the specific character in a register
	
	addiu $sp, $sp, -4		# Allocate space on the stack for return address
	sw $ra, 0($sp)
	jal loop				# Jump to the loop and let it cycle through searching
	move $v0, $t2			# the index will be in $t2, set it as a return value

	lw $ra, 0($sp)
	addiu $sp, $sp, 4
	jr $ra



loop:
	lb $t4, 0($t0)
	beq $t4, $t3, match
	beqz $t4, no_result
	addi $t2, $t2, 1
	addi $t0, $t0, 1
	j loop
	

match:
	jr $ra

no_result:
	addi $t2, $0, -1     	# if we reach NULL then the end of the string has come and there's no
	jr $ra